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April 2009
This is our second edition of the EWG newsletter in 2009. You will find a lot of useful information and we ask for your contributions. We would like you to take a few minutes to follow some of the links to help build WILPF’s work to tackle grave environmental issues. Please ask women in your Sections to equip themselves with information provided through this e-news. WILPF brings a unique perspective to discussions on environmental issues.
Please ask your Section to send us a few notes about plans for work or campaigning on environmental issues for 2009.
In this issue:
Water
Context
The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reported recently that around 880 million people do not have access to decent sources of drinking water and that 2.5 billion people do not have access to proper sanitation. According to the OECD, the number of people living under severe water stress is expected to rise to 3.9 billion in 2030 and this number does not include the impact of global warming. The population today is more than 6.5 billion. By 2050 the world population is expected to rise to 9 billion. To feed the population will demand much from agriculture which already uses 70% of available freshwater.
The 5th World Water Forum in Istanbul, Turkey March 16th – 22nd
The World Water Forum (WWF) is held every three years and has been a meeting place for debating the freshwater situation globally. The 5th WWF was held in Istanbul, Turkey, 16-22 March 2009. More than 20,000 delegates from 150 countries attended the meeting.
The World Water Forums are arranged by the World Water Council (WWC). The WWF is funded largely from the water industry and is based in France.
A declaration was issued after a ministerial meeting that lasted three days. The statement said: “The world is facing rapid and unprecedented global changes including population growth, migration, urbanization, climate change, desertification, drought, degradation and land use, economic and diet changes.”
Non-binding recommendations were issued, including greater cooperation to ease disputes over water, measures to address floods and water scarcity, better management of resources and curbing pollution of rivers, lakes and aquifers. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation was recognized as “…a basic human need”.
Several countries in Latin America have, in their constitution, access to water as a human right. Ecuador has even a right for ecosystems in their constitution. The WWF’s declaration of “basic human need” was contested by more than 20 countries that wanted the formulation “basic human right” and they signed a separate statement to explain their position on this and also other important matters.
A “People’s Water Forum” was arranged as a counter forum by a wide spectrum of water justice advocates from over 70 countries. Maude Barlow, the national chairperson of the Council of Canadians (http://www.canadians.org/ ) and the senior advisor to the President of the UN General Assembly, Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann, read his speech to the World Water Form for the People’s Water Forum. In his speech he said that:
“We must work quickly to guarantee that access to drinking water constitutes a fundamental right of all peoples.
“Those who are committed to privatization of water, making it a commodity like oil, are denying people a human right as basic as the air we breathe.
“The World Water Forum’s orientation is profoundly influenced by private water companies. This is evident by the fact that both the president of the World Water Council and the alternate president are deeply involved with the provision of private, for profit, water services”
He also said that future forums should “conduct their deliberations under the auspices of the United Nations”.
He criticized the WWF’s draft Ministerial Declaration, which sees water as a “human need” rather than a “human right”. He said: “As it stands, this important statement undermines the efforts of those who are struggling for access to clean water and sanitation.”
WILPF – Norway was represented at the meetings in Istanbul by Karin Aanes and Edel Havin Beukes (the latter is also the co-convenor of WILPF’s Environmental Working Group)
Recommended Action for WILPF - that WILPF and each Section sign the People’s Water Forum (PWF) Declaration.
The WILPF – US and WILPF-Norway have done so already. You can help now by asking your Section to agree to sign the Declaration. Here are two links to the Declaration, one is via the US WILPF website, where you will see you can sign on. Please do this soon. Thank you.
http://www.wilpf.org/node/854
http://pwf.foodandwaterwatch.org/?Page=people%27s_water_declaration
Please also look at these very useful links to information produced by WILPF, on the US Section website:
Update on Water Politics: http://www.wilpf.org/April09WaterNews
Look at our resources section, below, for more WILPF information on the subject.
Biofuels and Water
One of the major problems with biofuels is the need for large quantities of water and fertilizers to grow the crops. Between 1,000 and 4,000 litres of water are needed to produce a single litre of biofuel. Read more about this, from the UN, here:
http://bioenergy.checkbiotech.org/news/un_report_warns_biofuels_are_impacting_water_demand
Germany and Agrofuels
Germany’s agrofuel policies have a disastrous impact on rainforests, climate and food security. The German Parliament is expected to consider a legislative proposal between 23rd April and the end of May 2009 which would result in a very slight reduction of current German biofuel targets.
The federal government continues to regard agrofuels as means of protecting the climate, of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and as an opportunity for farmers. In order to promote the production and use of agrofuels, blending obligations, direct subsidies and tax reductions have been introduced.
Rettet den Regenwald/Rainforest Rescue is demanding that mandatory biofuel blending should be scrapped. They are calling on environmental and human rights groups to sign an Open Letter addressed to the German Chancellor Angela Merkel and to the leaders of the government parties.
A lot of information about agro and biofuels can be found at the Rainforest Rescue website: http://www.regenwald.org/ (in German, Spanish, English and Portuguese)
If you wish to read the Open Letter in full, please email berlin(at)regenwald.org and you can also ask your Sections to sign if they wish.
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FOOD
The EWG Newsletter look forward to having a report about the work of the representatives from the WILPF- Italy in the Food and Agriculture Organization (http://www.fao.org/ ) for the next edition! Please.
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CSD-17
The Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/csd/csd_csd17.shtml ) is having its annual meeting, CSD-17, in May 4-15, 2009 in New York. CSD-17 is the policy session of this two year cycle focused on the themes from Agenda 21: Agriculture, Rural Development, Land, Drought, Desertification, and Africa.
Due to lack of resources WILPF will not be represented or be active in New York at CSD-17. The Non Proliferation Treaty meetings are on at the same time as CSD-17 and WILPF has prioritized to be active at that event.
We would be grateful if someone from WILPF, being in New York, and following the CSD-17 or the NPT could write a report for the EWG Newsletter in May/June. Please contact Lorraine Mirham – lmirham(at)hotmail.com
A useful historical background about the CSD – the full name for the conference is The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – was featured in the January 2009 EWG E-news. Please let Lorraine Mirham know if you missed it and would like her to send it to you: lmirham(at)hotmail.com
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Climate Change – UN FCCC
The last edition of the EWG-Newsletter had a report from the UN climate change meeting in Poznan in December 2008 where Sushma Pankule and Edel Havin Beukes were present. They recommended that WILPF should be active in the process leading up to the Summit in Copenhagen in December 2009. Members of several WILPF Sections have shown interest in this, among them in the US, Danish and Norwegian sections.
WILPF –Norway will host the yearly meeting of the Nordic WILPF sections in Oslo 23-24 May 2009. The agenda includes the climate change meeting in Copenhagen in November 30-December 11, 2009. The Danish Section will inform about the situation concerning possibilities for seminars and also logistics.
Other organizations have already approached WILPF members to speak at their events.
We have to discuss what to do, which themes to promote, what materials to present, who to collaborate with, where to stay.
Your ideas are welcome before May 20th. Please send them to Edel Havin Beukes edel(at)beukes.net and copy to Lorraine lmirham(at)hotmail.com and Sushma
International NGOs: South Centre, Climate Action Network/CAN International, INFORSE, Third World Network, the Gender climate change Network - Women for Climate Justice- see: http://www.genanet.de/
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NEWS
You Are Being Lied to About Pirates - Johann Hari, Columnist, London Independent
February 4, 2009
“Who imagined that in 2009, the world's governments would be declaring a new War on Pirates? As you read this, the British Royal Navy - backed by the ships of more than two dozen nations, from the US to China - is sailing into Somalian waters to take on men we still picture as parrot-on-the-shoulder pantomime villains. They will soon be fighting Somalian ships and even chasing the pirates onto land, into one of the most broken countries on earth. But behind this tale, there is an untold scandal. The people our governments are labeling as "one of the great menace of our times" have an extraordinary story to tell -- and some justice on their side.”
Are we dumping our nuclear waste in their seas? Read more here: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/johann-hari/you-are-being-lied-to-abo_b_155147.html
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RESOURCES
Excellent WILPF resources and sources of information exist for us to develop our policy and argument on environmental matters. Please look at some of these. Remember all of our previous e-newsletters have a resources section. Please let us know if you are missing any copies.
WATER
http://www.wilpf.org/water-about
WILPF Peace and Freedom Article on water, view it here http://www.wilpf.org/PandF2009ArticleOnWater
NUCLEAR
http://www.disarm.wilpf.org/
http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/
http://www.wilpf.org.au/PDFs/Nuclear_Awareness_WILPF_2007.pdf
CHEMICAL WEAPONS
http://www.wilpf.int.ch/disarmament/chemicalweapons.htm
PREVIOUS EWG NEWSLETTERS AND OTHER WILPF ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES
http://www.wilpf.int.ch/environment/index.htm
Remember to share your resources and reports with others in the EWG. Send links and examples to Lorraine Mirham – lmirham(at)hotmail.com
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IMPORTANT DATES!
Chernobyl Day
More than hundred actions are planned. Most of them will take place in France and many other in other European countries also Africa, Australia… expect a strong mobilisation on the 25th and 26th of April.
We are requested to register events here: http://www.chernobyl-day.org
The website has some tools and documents to help you in organising your actions, namely :
o An example of flyer and press release to download (up to you to adapt them if needed)
o Posters denouncing the WHO-IAEA agreement to download
June 1st 2009
Please share important dates – send to lmirham(at)hotmail.com for inclusion in the next e- newsletter.
Please send your ideas for the next EWG e-news to Lorraine Mirham or Edel Havin Beukes by June 1st. Thank you.
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CSW 53 Panel RURAL WOMEN FAO-IAW-Ad Hoc Group of INGOs
The mesage and information below was curculated to soem in March, I should have referred to it in the recent EWG enews because it has very helpful information relating to rural women facing many challenges, not least Climate Change.
Thanks to Anita Fisicaro
Lorraine Mirahm, EWG Enews Editor
The Women's Working Group of the Ad Hoc Group of INGOs represented to FAO organized a side event at CSW 53 on the 3rd of March.
" What does Equal Sharing of Responsibilities mean for the Rural Women?".
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Lois A. Herman, a member of the team of WILPF representatives to FAO, spoke about the crisis rural women face in time of wars and conflicts, economic crisis, climate change and food crisis.
Best wishes
Anita Fisicaro
CSW 53 Panel RURAL WOMEN FAO-IAW-Ad Hoc Group of INGOs
Lois A. Herman Presentation WILPF
WILPF, Womens International League for Peace and Freedom, believes in economic and social equality and justice for all, and in the spirit of peace. WILPF has been active in the FAO Ad Hoc Croup of International NGOs for at least 8 years.
This Panel is focusing on issues of RURAL WOMEN. Grassroots rural women are conspicuously absent at CSW, and in UN, economic, government, and business power circles, conferences, events. Significant factors in the disempowerment of rural women relate to male control, money, power, reflecting a significant need for womens equality, more social protections including legislation, policies, and community support, as well as sharing of gender roles, even dignity and respect.
FACTS ON RURAL WOMEN & GIRLS
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/idrw/index.html
http://www.woman.ch/women/2-introduction.php
* Rural women, mainly farmers, are at least 1.6 billion and represent more than a quarter of the total world population.
* Women produce on average more than half of all the food that is grown: up to 8O per cent in Africa, 6O per cent in Asia, between 3O and 4O per cent in Latin America and Western countries.
* Women own only 2 per cent of the land, and receive only one per cent of all agricultural credit.
* Only 5 per cent of all agricultural extension resources are directed to women.
* Women represent two third of all illiterate people.
*In developing countries, 25% of rural children do not attend primary school compared to 16% of urban children, and gender inequalities exist. 69% of rural girls attend primary school comparted to 73% of rural boys. Girls are heavily relied on for work and care. There is often unequal access to education in rural areas, including a lack of a safe means of transportation, poor security in schools, lack of teachers, lack of separate sanitation facilities, and preference for boysschool with conditions of rural poverty.
* The number of rural women living in poverty has doubled since 197O.
THOUGH LIFE AN D CHALLENGES FOR RURAL WOMEN DIFFER IN THEIR OWN GEOGRAPHICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS, THERE ARE DISTINCT UNIVERSALITIES OF THE ISSUES OF RURAL WOMEN
AND INTERSECTIONALITIES OF ISSUES OF RURAL WOMEN AND GIRLS IN ANY LOCATION as poverty impacting education, health, disempowerment general.
The crisis rural women face are even more serious in times of:
- *Wars and Conflicts
- *Refugee and Internally Displaced Women Status
- *Economic Crisis
- *Political Instability
- *Climate Change
- *Natural Disasters as floods, draught, even crop failure
- *Food crisis, hunger, malnutrition
- *Lack of safe and nearby water for drinking, household use, farm animals, crop production. Now, increasingly corporations are using water in developing countries, for bioenergy and other production, for profit. Water is increasingly scarce for rural women, who in many parts of the world spend countless hours every day carrying water.
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What are some of the factors that are most dramatic in the struggles for rights of rural women, especially in developing countries:
- *Poverty extreme poverty. There are some 1.4 billlion extremely poor people in the world, struggling to survive on less than US$1.25 a day. 75% live in rural areas, especially in developing countries.
- *Lack of ownership of land, property, housing. Women are particularly discriminated on rights to land and housing, from lack of laws, traditions and because women often obtain access to land through men. If the male link is severed for any reason, women may lose their land privileges. Women are especially vulnerable to land grabbing, and in increasing forced evictions.
IFAD, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, says:
Land is fundamental to the lives of poor rural people. It is a source of food, shelter, income, and social identity. Secure access to land reduces vulnerability and poverty. But,especially in developing countries, competition for land has ever been greater.
- *Illiteracy, lower levels of education, even as reflected in the Millennium Development Goals reports.
- *Lack of inheritance rights, as for land, and very much for widows (of any age!)
- *Informal economy status lack of awareness of rights national, and international rights often a void of knowledge, an d assuredly of advocacy.
- *Male power and domination in families, households, communities, countries.
- *Violence against women, particular issues related to the isolation of rural women and lack of access to support systems, often even phones.
- *Rural women have disadvantages in health services, care, and high rates of maternal and infant mortality. Rural women are absolutely impacted by the AIDS crisis, both as HIV/AIDS victims, and as AIDS caregivers.
- *Child marriages and child motherhood, forced marriages, honor killings, female infanticide, female genital mutilation, all more prevalent in rural areas where traditions may be stronger, progress slower, and even religious and/or tribal law vs. civil law.
- *Cultural patterns that keep women inferior such as in times of food crisis, the men and boys being fed though women may not have adequate food.
- *Few statistics on rural women. Data drives social policies.
- *Rare engagement with associations, advocacy groups, media, ICT, lobbying, higher powers.
- *Lack of direct wages, pensions, social benefits, as rural women are considered in many countries, to be in the Informal Economy.
- *Burden of household and family responsibilities as well as agricultural work, caregiving for children, ill, elderly.
Article 14 of CEDAW begins with the following statement: States Parties shall take into account the particular problems faced by rural women and the significant roles which rural women play in the economic survival of their families, including their work in the non-monetized sectors of the economy, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the application of the provisions of the present Convention to women in rural areas.
BUT, what if the government of a country has signed CEDAW but chooses not to be attentive to rural people general, especially women. What if the government is dictatorial, militant, corrupt. The CEDAW Committee Reports are important, but Shadow Reports can be enlightening to present the realities of rural women. But, it takes skills to follow UN instrument responses as CEDAW Reports, even collaboration, some budget, and time and energy, often which all are elusive to rural women.
CEDAW Article 14 calls for programs and resources to be directed to rural women, but this is often not the case. Monitoring such attention and follow up of a country to Article 14, and even donor and development conditionality for same, could be significant. If there were pressures, incentives, for aid and development projects to include components for rural women, potentially progress for rights and livelihoods, and quality of life could improve.
It would be interesting if donations as for the Food Crisis, from UN Agencies as FAO, could specifically call for accountability for receipt, in making steps forward for implementation of Article 14 of CEDAW, and allowing evaluation by the UN donor.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has generously provided funds for agriculture, requires a GENDER IMPACT STRATEGY FOR ALL PROJECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. The Gates Foundation believes that agricultural development must address gender to achieve significant impact in the reduction of hunger and poverty. Gates also notes that participation of smallholder farmers is highly important. Women comprise the vast majority of smallholder farmers and food producers. The Gates Foundation emphasizes that beneficiaries of development aid women and men, girls and boys, are essential to achieving impact and project success. Equity for women and men is vital, including equal access to land, rights, loans, resources, income, transportation, education, and more. A Gender Impact Statement is required for all projects/programs/development initiatives.
It would be interesting to incorporate such a Gender Impact Statement in other development programs as well. SIDA of Sweden has had such gender dimensions in projects for many years. But, the Gender Impact must be part of all phases of a program, and objectively monitored, with indicators, for accountability.
Many corporate driven programs for profit, do not include human rights, especially gender components, and take over the land, water, and markets so vital to rural people, especially women, and very much in developing countries. Transnational companies are moving into southern countries on a huge scale and starting to purchase millions of hectares of land for agro-fuel and food production for international markets. Such corporate interests are very visible at UN Conferences.
Bioenergy and its globalized dimensions, have a significant impact on rural women, women in agriculture, especially in developing countries. A significant share of bioenergy is produced from agricultural crops traditionally used for food and feed. The cultivation of non-food energy crops requires land and water, and in direct competition for the resources to feed the worlds population. The effects of agrofuel production, however profitable, on the enjoyment of the human right to adequate food, should be considered before implementing policies and programs that promote investment, trade, and use of bioenergy, agrofuels.
States must enforce policies that foster adequate food supply at local and national levels and must guarantee that food is economically accessible for all persons, and assuredly those most vulnerable as rural women, and children.
The World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank are pushing for more trade liberalization, more support for large agribusiness, and increased sales of fertilizers and genetically modified seeds. All these factors endanger the livelihoods and security of small farmers, especially rural women in agriculture.
Imports from industrialized countries, with prize advantages, can destroy the markets of small farmers in developing nations.
The UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Mr. Olivier De Schutter, entitled his 2009 Report to the United Nations: The Role of Development Cooperation and Food Aid in Realizing the Right to Adequate Food: Moving from Charity to Obligation.Assuredly the issues of aid and development significantly affect rural women in many countries. In his Report, the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food recommends that donors Promote the right to food as a priority for cooperation with partner countries where hunger or malnutrition are significant problems, focusing on the most vulnerable groups of the society. We can reasonable infer that rural women are a vulnerable group.
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How can rural women learn more about their rights, including CEDAW Article 14. In remote areas, amidst extreme poverty, this is an enormous challenge, but creative opportunities might include:
- *Community radio
- *Midwife information programs
- *Girls rights education in schools
- *Microloan programs
- *Development programs providing gender empowerment compon ents as womens and girlsliteracy
- *Womens agricultural cooperatives learning additionally about gender rights
- *Incorporating rural womens participation, WITH rural men, for community
programs creating more partnering, sharing of power and purpose, building rural communities by valued joint male and female participation. Example: Roma community program with the UN and an NGO in rural Slovakia.
- *Programs that highlight best practices of rural women as the Womens World Summit Foundation Annual Awards for Creativity in Rural Life
- *Programs for womens empowerment in developing countries as Huairou Commission, and GROOTS
- *Rural mobile libraries carrying information on legal rights, human rights
- *Brazil favelas and rural areas program Popular Legal Promoters
- *Examples of Habitat for Humanity, ActionAid, Project for the People of Paraguay
- *Faith-based resources on rights of women, including possible advocacy and international links
- *International Day of Rural Women - October 15 Established by the UN General Assembly an opportunity to recognize, even honor rural women, and highlight the role of rural women. The UN text recognizes the critical role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women, in enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security, and eradicating rural poverty.
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The voice and advocacy by small farmers, very much including rural women, is often missing, absent in power structures such as formation of trade policies. In reality, in todays world, profit is prioritized over human rights.
The Dhaka Declaration on Food Sovereignty states:
We the members of social movements, peasant organizations, labor unions, fisher folks, womens groups, and civil society organizations and human rights groups from different South Asian countries, have gathered to share experiences and develop collective strategies to face the challenge of the ongoing food crisis and imminent threats of global warming. Our nation states have failed to mainstream the principles of food sovereignty in policies and programs to ensure the right to food and livelihoods of people. Particularly, non-implementation of genuine agrarian reform and reforms in other sectors have affected dramatically the vulnerable groups as poor peasants, especially women, fisher folk, and minorities. This discrimination is rooted in structural inequity existing in our society for generations, and is further intensified in this era of neo-liberalization.
Sustainable agriculture practices have systematically discouraged, and traditional knowledge and practices have been dismantled, in the name of modernization of agriculture and increase in food production. Further, state policies should ensure that poor peasants do not become victims of land alienation and displacements due to unproductive usages of land, privatization, and commercialized processes in agriculture.
Public distribution systems and other efforts by governments to meet the present food crisis challenges, must be inclusive, with a focus on the most vulnerable communities and should be implemented in a transparent and accountable manner at grassroots.
It is important to note at this Panel, that FOOD IS A HUMAN RIGHT, and that Food Sovereignty best be enshrined in national constitutions, as in Nepal. This fundamental constitutional right must then be enforced, and very much for rural women.
It is a goal that UN FAO, also other UN agencies related as the World Health Organization, international financial institutions, donors, global aid organizations and others, be particularly attentive to rights, needs, and issues of rural women. NGO and Civil Society actions, such as the Womens Working Group of the Ad Hoc Group of International NGOs at FAO, can have a very positive impact in presence, advocacy, information dissemination, and actions, to support rural women, and particularly poor rural women in agriculture.
The FAO Global Conference on the Food Crisis, Climate Change, Agrofuels, and Food Sovereignty, was a major event, of extremely high significance. WILPF was there. But, there was a dramatic difference between this high level conference participation and setting vs. the Terra Preta Forum, held concurrently, with grass roots agricultural organizations, peasant and family farmers, pastoralists, fisherfolk, indigenous peoples, agriculture workers and migrants, and more. Those present for the much more humbly structured and less media covered Terra Preta Forum, were mostly not UN NGOs, except for some as ActionAid and WILPF. Their platform and calls for action focused on civil society social movements directed to the victims of the current food emergency, food sovereignty. Their statement included the following: Small scale food producers are feeding the planet, and we demand respect and support to continue. Only food sovereignty can offer long-term, sustainable, equitable, and just solutions to the urgent food and climate crises.
Where are the rural women, the women in agriculture at powerful gatherings, where food issues are addressed at high level, and where funding solutions develop that may not reach the grass roots women so desparately in need of support during the food, water, and climate change crises.
A report of Eurodad (European Network on Debt & Development), ActionAid International, and Bic (Bank Information Center), was entitled QUICK FIXES OR REAL SOLUTIONS? World Bank and IMP Responses to the Global Food and Fuel Crisis. An example of text states: A tide of negative consequences has swept across developing countries over years: Local food production has been undermined, small farmerslivelihoods have been destroyed in many cases, and domestic and regional food markets have been displaced. Unbalanced trade rules have allowed rich countriesagriculture subsidies to artificially depress the prices of foods produced in developing countries, and often by women in agriculture, rural women.
We convene now in the United States, and I would like to close with a few words in support of rural women in the US. Throughout the US, the family farm is becoming history. Women who were integral in family farming first saw one or family member needing to work in a job off the farm, just to survive economically. Then came the corporate farms, squeezing out the existence of the smaller farms, and the identity of many rural communities. Add to this, the weather crises such as the severe dought in Californias central valley or the floods annually in the Midwest. There is a classic film in the United States, of an auction at a family farm. The rural woman sees her history, her dreams, her land, home, farm equipment, go to the highest bidders. For her, for all rural women, WE MUST CARE AND ADVOCATE.
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PLEASE JOIN to receive your EWG e- Newsletter, ESPECIALLY IF YOUR SECTION
IS NOT REPRESENTED! To email the group and/or receive the e-news, the address is: environment(at)wilpf.ch
REMEMBER TO SEND YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS AND IDEAS TO: Lorraine Mirham or Edel Havin Beukes
lmirham(at)hotmail.com or edel(at)beukes.net
This E-News produced by Edel Havin Beukes, Lorraine Mirham and Sushma Pankule
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